CYP2D6 and Tamoxifen
Bernard S, Neville KA, Nguyen AT, Flockhart DA. Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in the U.S. population: clinical implications. Oncologist 2006 Feb; 11(2):126-35.
Goetz et al. Pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen biotransformation is associated with clinical outcomes of efficacy and hot flashes. J Clin Oncol 2005 Dec 20; 23(36):9312-8.
Grabinski et. al., Relationship between CYP2D6 and estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms on tamoxifen metabolism in adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Proceedings of The American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006.
Knox et al., Cytochrome p450 2D6 status predicts breast cancer relapse in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Proceedings of The American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2006.
McFadyen MC, Melvin WT, Murray GI. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: novel options for cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2004 3:363-371.
Rodriguez-Antona C, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene 2006 Mar 13; 25(11):1679-91.
Sachse, C et al., Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences. Am J Hum Genetics 1997; 60:284-295.
Tamoxifen and Antidepressants (SSRIs)
Flockhart DA. "Molecular Markers in Breast Cancer: Moving from the 20th to the 21st Century." Presentation 2003 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, Satellite Symposium. Dec. 6, 2003.
Goetz MP and Loprinzi CL. "A Hot Flash on Metabolism. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003; 95: 1734-1735.
Jin Y et al. CYP2D6 genotype, antidepressant use, and tamoxifen metabolism during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005 Jan 5; 97(1):30-9.
Stearns V. et al. "Active Tamoxifen Metabolite Plasma Concentrations After Coadministration of Tamoxifen and the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Paroxetine." Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003; 95:1758-1764.
Tamoxifen Outcomes
ATAC Trialists' Group: Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: First results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002, 359:2131-2139.
Coombes et al., A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1081-1092.
Goss et al., A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1793-1802.
Jordan VC et al., Ligand interaction at the estrogen receptor to program antiestrogen action: a study with nonsteroidal compounds in vitro. Endocrinology 1988; 122:144901454.
Johnson, MD et al., Pharmacological characterization of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl tamoxifen, a novel active metabolite of tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Research Treatment 2004; 85:151-159.